Monday, August 7, 2017

Jephthah (Judges 11:1-12:7)


Jephthah was a man of unfortunate life circumstances. Born the son of a harlot he was considered an outsider by the community even though his father Gilead the son of Machir was the founder of the Gileadites and was the grandson of Manasseh. Nonetheless Jephthah’s father instead of covering up his liaison will bring Jephthah into his home and raise him as his own son. Which speaks to his integrity and love for Jephthah. In time Gilead’s wife also bore him sons but Jephthah being the son of a “strange women” never held their favor. And when Gilead dies Jephthah’s brothers along with the community elders unceremoniously disinherit him and drive him away even though Jephthah is the first-born son and rightful heir (Judges 11:2, 7). In other words Jephthah’s genealogy should’ve put him in line to inherit his father’s position as tribal head of the Gileadites. But having no means of appeal Jephthah to save his life flees to the land of Tob. (Now Japheth’s being disinherited and driven away reminds of the Lord Jesus’ parable to Israel’s elders when in it Jesus says to them that they too seek to kill the rightful heir and steal his inheritance for themselves). Now Tob was a land whose name meant bountiful but in reality was a frontier town beyond the eastern boundaries of Gilead before the Syrian Desert. Once there the disenfranchised Jephthah will assemble a “band of raiders” (What the New King James Version calls worthless men); and will go out raiding the surrounding region. Now unlike Abimelech Gideon’s illegitimate son who likewise assembled men to himself and then murdered all but one of Gideon’s legitimate sons in a power grab. Jephthah’s return will not come by his own designs. But by the Sovereign hand of God when in a move of desperation the elders of Gilead because of a looming Ammonite invasion seek out Jephthah whose reputation, as a man of valor had become well known throughout the territory. Ironically then it will be the same elders that drove Jephthah away that will now seek his help in their time of need. On this point the Believers Bible Commentary notes: “In some ways Jephthah reminds us of the Lord Jesus: There was a shadow over his birth and he was rejected by his brethren. When they got into bondage they remembered him and called upon him as their savior; and in agreeing to help the Gileadites, Jephthah agreed to be their savior but insisted on being their lord as well.”[i]

Thus Jephthah’s initial reply to them when they seek him in the land of Tob, “Did you not hate me, and expel me from my father’s house? Why have you come to me now when you are in distress?” Judges 11:7 Reveals the less then cordial manner in which he was exiled.

Yet Jephthah’s further reply “if you take me home to fight against the Ammonites and the Lord delivers them to me will I be your head?” Reveals that Jephthah believed Gilead was his home and they were his brethren though initially he doubts their sincerity when they seek him out to help them. And it’s easy to see why. It’s hard to trust people who are so unscrupulous. Yet they’re acting no differently towards Jephthah then they acted towards the Lord God of Israel when they first sought Him out in their distress (See Judges 10:10-14).

Nonetheless Jephthah was no saint (nor were the people he will rescue). Jephthah like us all was a sinful man who like us all needed to repent of his own sins and that he will do at Mizpah where with Gilead’s elders and all the people assembled Jephthah will repeat his words before the Lord God of Israel (Judges 11:10-11). Meaning he will enter into a solemn covenant with God, in essence it is there where Jephthah experiences conversion. Now the name Mizpah is also important for it means watchtower, and it implies God’s watching over the affairs of the nation or an individual. Therefore it will be there that Jephthah defines himself as a man of God (not just by the great deliverance that God later works through him on the battlefield, 1 Sam. 12:11) but right there when Jephthah is reconciled back to his brethren and places his and the peoples fate in the Lord’s hand. Therefore it will be God who will lead His beleaguered people on to victory over the encroaching Ammonites. Still that God would anoint with His Spirit a man utterly disqualified according to some people’s interpretations of the Law (Deut. 23:1-3) speaks volumes of God’s redemptive prowess even in the Old Covenant era. Therefore God does not disqualify anyone from Himself based on their lives circumstances. Individuals are often born into circumstances that they cannot change and frequently do things in their lives they cannot undo. That is why we all need a Savior and not merely Law. Jephthah’s story then reminds us all that no one is excluded from the heavenly congregation who likewise repents and puts their faith in God.

Jephthah’s first move then will be to dispatch envoys to the Ammonite king to inquire as to why the aggression. The Ammonite kings response though is short and unapologetic. And with that Jephthah redispatches them to make his case clear and indisputable (Judges 11:14-28), and seeing that God honors Jephthah’s diplomacy efforts and anoints him with the Holy Spirit for battle. With that Jephthah moves his forces decisively towards the Ammonites.

Now Jephthah will make a vow before going into battle that if the Lord will grant him victory over Ammonites he will offer Him whoever comes out of his house first as a burnt offering. Meaning their life would be non-redeemable, and would have to be wholly sacrificed to the Lord. Similarly on the battlefields of life men and women often utter their own solemn promises to the Lord before facing their own battles. What sets Jephthah apart will not be that he avoids this, but that he will keep his word even if it costs him whom he loves most; his only child. In so doing Scripture will record Jephthah’s name amongst the great men of the era: Gideon, Barak, Samson, David and Samuel not for his skill on the battlefield but rather for his faithfulness to God. Jephthah then upon his victorious arrival home and seeing his daughter coming out of his house rejoicing is devastated. Yet it is his daughter who will affirm the solemn oath of her father and encourage him to keep his vow to the Lord. She only requests a few months to mourn her virginity with her friends on the mountains of Gilead, which Jephthah will grant her and upon her return they will mutually fulfill his vow to the Lord. Jephthah’s daughter will not marry and Scripture records that Jephthah himself will have no other children; Jephthah’s name and legacy will be left in the Lord’s care.

Thus in a strange twist of irony two illegitimate children (Jephthah and his daughter) will show themselves faithful to the Lord God of Israel by keeping their word to the Lord amidst a generation that frequently would not. Jephthah then stands for us all as a lesson that anyone regardless of their background or past lives can likewise hold high esteem in the eyes of Lord who measures all people not by their pedigree or by their mistakes rather by their commitment and faith to Him (1 Sam. 12:11; Heb. 11:32-40). 


Scripture Quotations:
The Holy Bible, New King James Version, (Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson, Inc.) 1982.

Additional Resources Cited

[i]MacDonald, W., & Farstad, A. 1997, c1995. Believer's Bible Commentary : Old and New Testaments . Thomas Nelson: Nashville


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